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- ê PRESS, Page 124TYPING OUT THE FEAR
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-
- With remarkable candor, a leading editor describes the joys and
- pains of being on the cutting edge of glasnost
-
- By Vitali Korotich
-
-
- We have no room in our Moscow offices anymore. Since
- January we have been receiving 500, 600, even 700 letters a day.
- Our secretaries dump mail sacks right on the floor of the
- reception area, and our conference rooms are filled with folders
- of mail. Old-timers remember how only four years ago Ogonyok
- used to receive no more than 20 letters a day, mostly naive
- poetry or the memoirs of retired people.
-
- The flood of letters underscores the changing relationship
- with our readers. For the first time, we are experiencing the
- uneasy satisfaction of a journalism that inspires not only love
- but hatred too. We are drowning in comments. No one is
- indifferent.
-
- Occasionally, I receive letters with obscene words and
- drawings. There are threats, the mildest being a pledge to beat
- my face in. Our weekly magazine is criticized in a newspaper
- that from force of habit no one dares argue with: Pravda. The
- fear caused by this newspaper is supposed to be so deep and
- basic that it is ten times greater than other fears.
-
- But something has changed in our society. Fears do not come
- true as inevitably as they used to. The machine that used to
- subjugate by crushing rather than persuading is worn out. But
- control through fear, discipline through fear, debate regulated
- by fear, they are all still alive in the souls and experience
- of millions. Fear can grab typewriters by the keys and plug up
- ears and mouths. Yet this fear is fading, and the nation is
- slowly coming back to life.
-
- We are learning to say out loud words we were afraid to
- voice for decades. In the past it was difficult for Ogonyok to
- decide to publish just a one-sentence reference to the need for
- public control over the Soviet military and the KGB. Now we
- publish everything that we can vouch for, which is how it should
- be. That is how Ogonyok's stories on the crimes of Stalin and
- modern corruption originated. That is how we examine such things
- as the decline of the Bolshoi Ballet, the rise of nonparty
- organizations in the Baltic republics, the problems of the poor
- and attempts to use anti-Semitism to restore a dictatorship of
- fear.
-
- Generally, those who disagree with us write letters to the
- Central Committee or the government demanding that the magazine
- be punished or banned. Many of these complainers either do not
- wish or do not know how to argue directly with us. Once I asked
- someone who had sent a critical letter about Ogonyok to the
- Central Committee why he had not raised the issue with us. "What
- do you mean, directly with you?" he asked in surprise. "I wanted
- to know who it was that allowed you to write that way." That is
- our major problem. For too many of our citizens, the question
- is not whether what a person says is correct but whether he has
- the right to state the truth about a particular subject.
-
- Most of us at Ogonyok feel that we are not alone, that what
- we are doing is important to those around us. This has made the
- magazine not just stronger but more self-confident. At the
- beginning of 1986 Ogonyok had fewer than 300,000 subscribers.
- By last January we had more than 3 million. Today it is
- virtually impossible to buy Ogonyok at the newsstand. Our print
- run is clearly not enough to satisfy demand, but official
- promises to allow us a larger circulation have so far not been
- realized. There is a very special feeling about being part of
- a process that is of your own making, rather than one that is
- imposed upon you.
-
- The further this process continues among ordinary people,
- the more apocalyptic must be the visions of Soviet bureaucrats.
- I do not think our bureaucracy ever really believed in the
- system it created. Any attempt to introduce change or novelty
- has traditionally set off a wave of bureaucratic hysteria about
- the death of socialism or the violation of revolutionary ideals.
- Even Boris Pasternak's novel Doctor Zhivago was viewed as an
- attempt to overthrow Soviet power. Just imagine how little the
- bureaucrats must have believed in this power if they thought it
- could be destroyed by intellectual novels.
-
- Such attitudes, however, are becoming a thing of the past.
- I believe a return to the Stalin era, or even the Brezhnev era,
- would require a coup of the same dimensions as the one that led
- to the establishment of Soviet power in 1917. That is something
- unthinkable today. The state has finally chosen to rely on the
- support of democratic laws. The mass media are awaiting and
- fighting for the new law, currently being drafted by the
- Central Committee, that would formalize the relationship between
- the press and government and give individuals the right to sue
- for libel. We are learning to walk, having reached adulthood at
- a mature age. Excuse our fumbling footsteps. The point is not
- to stop.
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